So got a little more sleep last night, but not much. I woke up when the guys came in late again, although this time they were respectful and as quiet as they could, but apparently now I'm a light sleep. I miss being a deep sleeper... but once they guys feel asleep they started snoring again... so I tried listening to my Ipod, but it didn't want to work. So I sat in the hallway for 2 hours, and then made earplugs out of toilet paper.... it was sort of efficient, and allowed me to get a few more hours of sleep... but I'm exhausted. So I'm looking forward to sleep tonight ( this past Monday night if I get this up later in the week) like really looking forward to it.
(P.S I slept very well that night. It was awesome)
I will do my best to put headings so you can sift through what information you're most interested in because like I said this will be very very long. Definitely not a blog style blog. lol Also keep in mind that some of these pictures will most likely not have all the information under it because some of these pictures are quit blurry since my camera doesn't like taking pictures in the dark.
So enjoy :)
General Information
John Simpson: Belfast born Dr. John Edward Simpson was assistant surgeon on Titanic. He dealt with passenger and crew complaints from seasickness to broken. limbs.
Born in 1875, John and his five sisters were brought up above the surgery at 79 Pakenham Place. Wearing a top hat, his father last GP in Belfast to make house calls in a jaunting car. Like Thomas Andrews and Lord Pierre (may be incorrect name hard to make out) John was educated at "Inst." the Royal Belfast Academical Institute.
After qualifying at Queens College, Belfast, John became a GP in London. He married in 1905 and had one son. For health reasons he changed career; to benefit from the sea air he became a medical officer on P&O and White Star liners. Dr. Simpson served as assistant surgeon on Olympic.
Harland and Wolf Gates:
These are the original gates (above picture) from Harland and Wolf's Belfast Shipyard There were a number of similar gates at different points of entry into the yard.
Fun fact: this shipyard (where the titanic was built) employed 15,000 men.
Thomas Andrews: was the managing director in charge of design.
"As nearly perfect as human brains can make her"
Building a Gantry of Titanic Proportions: to build the Olympic class ships a new gantry was constructed. The steel gantry crane system serviced the slipways where the ships were built.
Building the Ship
So you can go on this little ride to see what it was like building the ship. It was boring.
Death and injury were caused by falling, from gantries and cranes, burns, staging collapses, machinery accidents, and electrocution.
Shipyard workers wore flatcards and overalls to protect their cloths and hobnail boots to protect their feet.
If a worker was loafing he was not working hard enough.
"The lazy wind" blew into the shipyard from Belfast Lough, so called because it went through you rather than around you.
Steps for building the ship
The Skeleton of Titanic: The frames were manufactured as straight bars, then bent and trimmed to size by frame benders at Harland and Wolff.
The frames were over 60 feet (18.3m) high, weighed 1 ton and were positioned two to three feet (.6 to .9 m) apart along the length of the ship.
The keel of the ship was marked with the positions where the frames would go. They were then hosted into position. Wooden shoring was placed within the framework of the ship to ensure correct spacing of the frames.
Deck beams were attached to the frames of each deck level and cross breams and supporting pillars were also added. This secured the structure and the wooden shoring was then removed. The whole structure was held together by iron and steel pins called rivets.
The framing decks and beams reinforced the skeleton and added to the overall strength of the ship.
Titanic was fully framed by 6th April 1910.
Framing was the erection of steel rib like structures that formed the skeletop of the ship. These gave the hull its shape.
Step three: Plating and Riveting.
Once framing was complete the ship was fitted with steel plates that formed the watertight skin. These were held in place with iron and steel rivets.
Step four: Bulkheads and Decking
there were 15 watertight bulkheads that ran across Titanic in the lower decks. These divided the ship's hull into 16 watertight compartments.
Titanic's Internal Structure: the bulkheads were connected to the shell plating. The collision bulkhead was located at the bow of the ship and fitted to be an inner watertight skin should the bow be damaged in an end on collision.
Titanic was designed to stay afloat if up to three of her four forward compartments were flooded.
The bulkheads which were part of the boiler and engine rooms, which the hull of the ship, all had vertically sliding cast iron watertight doors built Harland and Wolff's design. Bells would be sounded before the watertight doors closed to warn the crew. They could then escape to the decks above using ladders.
Titanic had eight passengers decks and ten decks in total. Steel decks were laid on the deck beams, riveted in place then covered with either wooden decking or other materials such as tiles.
The rudder was made in six pieces and then bolted together. The bolts were covered in cement to protect them from the corroding effects of sea water. The rudder was over 78 feet (23.7m) high with a maximum width of 15 feet (4.6m) and it weighted over 100 tons.
Day of the Launch
Launch Day: On 31st May 1911 Titanic was launched from her slipway into Belfast Lough. This was a prestigious even for Harland and Wolff and White Star.
Journalists had come from as far away as London and America. Huge crowds of shipyard workers and other spectators gathered in the yard. Prior to the launch, the heavy woodened props which held Titanic in place were removed. To keep her in place, hydraulic rams were placed on the slips under her bow. The cofferdam was removed to allow water to flood the lower part of the slipway.
Lord Pirrie and Bruce Ismay inspected the ship and launching equipment shortly before the launch. At 12:13pm Lord Pirrie gave the signal to launch the ship. Hydraulic apparatus started Titanic moving down the well-greased slipway. Within 62 seconds Titanic was free of the slips. However, a tragic accident occurred as Titanic glided into the water, when shipyard worker James Dobbin died after being hit by falling timbers.
After the launch Lord Pirrie treated distinguished guests to lunch in the Harland and Wolff boardroom. And later the same day some of them sailed on Olympic, for its delivery trip to Liverpool. The tenders, Nomadic and Traffic, also departed Belfast.
Within one hour of the launch, Titanic was towed by tugs to the deep water wharf for fitting out. At this stage Titanic had not yet been fitted with passenger accommodation, equipment or machinery including engines, boilers, funnels, or propellers.
Timeline of Launch Day
The plans for the launch were on as grand a scale as the ship waiting on the slipways.
10:30 am
Extra trams put on for the launch started to run
11:00amThe gates to the stands were opened to allow spectators to enter
12:05pm
A red flag was hoisted on Titanic's stern
12:10pm
Two rockets were fired, shortly followed by another rocket
12:13pm
Titanic was launched
Information about the "Innards" of the Ship
Quote:
"Then the dinner horn sounded, and down the gangways... began to pour streams of hurrying workmen- streams that seemed inexhaustible... Watching these human streams, one got an idea of what the construction of the Titanic means in enterprise, sustained effort and money." ~Northern Whig, 10th November 1911
Titanic was fitted with 29 coal boilers in 6 boiler rooms. These generated steam to power Titanic's engines and electric generating plant.
(Picture on left) One of Britannic's boilers being lifted aboard by floating crane, 1914
(Top Right Picture) A boiler for Britannic is lifted just clear of a truck, 1914
(Bottom Left Picture) Workers installing boilers in the Stokehold of Oceanic, 1914
Engines:
Titanic had two reciprocating engines which drove the central propellers and a turbine engine which drove the central propeller. The combination of these engines was a recent development in shipbuilding technology which improved efficiency.
Three Generations:
Engineer Anthony 'Artie' Frost supervised the fitting of machinery on Olympic and Titanic. He was a member of the Guarantee Group from Harland and Wolff.
Born in 1874, Artie was brought up in Paxton Street, Belfast. His father George had moved from Hull in Yorkshire to work in Harland and Wolff. Artie joined the yard aged 14 and after serving his apprenticeship went to sea for two years. He took over his fathers job when he retired in 1907. Artie's son Stanley was also to work in the yard.
Artie was a foreman fitter, the equivlant of a marine engineer today. Among his family's heirlooms are his slide rule, used in the days before pocket calculators, and the whistle that he used to attract attention because the yard was so noisy.
Anthony owned his own home at 11 Sunbury Avenue, East Belfast where he lived with his wife Lizzie and their four children. Artie's manager chose him to sail on Titanic as a reward for his hard work. On his return he was due to be promoted.
Each of Titanic's enormous engines weighed around 1000 tons. About the same as 1000 small cars.
This is typically what a first class room looked like. I know the picture is a bit blurry. The room was done in an old Dutch style I believe.
Fitting Out: At the fitting out wharf Titanic began to take shape internally and to be fitted with equipment. Her fit-out took more than 3000 men 10 months to complete.
Moving Around On Titanic
The design of the ship made the best possible use of space.
Titanic's Layout: Titanic had a very complicated internal layout. This was due to the separation of different passenger classes and the need for crew to access all parts of the ship.
The design of the ship made the best possible use of space. The internal design used for Olympic was improved for Titanic.
The internal fit out included the installation of room divisions, corridors, passageways, staircases, and lifts.
The main passageway on the upper deck, used by many crew members was known as Scotland Road after a busy area of Liverpool.
(can't make out some of the last paragraph. Sorry!)
(Top left picture) Third class smoke room on board Olympic.
(Top right picture) The second class smoke room on board Olympic, 1911
(Bottom picture) Cooling room of the Turkish bath on board Olympic
The First Class smoke room on board Olympic, 1911
Behind the scenes on Titanic: Titanic could accommodate 945 crew members. There were many different working areas and crew accommodation areas on board.
A gallery on board Olympic with cooking ranges and pots supplied by Henry Wilson & Co. Ltd, Liverpool, as on Titanic, 1899
Top Picture: Third Class Dormitory- style room on board Medic, 1899. This is probably how some of the crew accommodation on board Titanic looked.
Bottom Picture: A gallery on board Amazon in use, with two cooks in the background, 1906.
Deck Department Crew x 61. Such as: Bridge Officers, Quartermasters, Lookouts, Surgeons
Engine Department Crew x 317. Such as: Engineers, Firemen, Electricians, Greasers
Victualling Department Crew x 507. Such as: Stewards, Barbers, Cooks, Waiters
Top Left Picture: Cabinetmakers workshops, Harland and Wolff, 1899
Bottom Left Picture: Work stove interior with stored furniture, Harland and Wolff, 1899
Bedroom of Titanic's First Class suite B64, decorated in the Old Dutch Syle with wood paneling, 1912
Titanic carried six pianos: three in First Class, two in Second Class and one in Third Class. The pianos for First and Second Class were supplied by the German firm of Steinway & Sons.
These are pictures of what the china/tableware/silverware looked like.
Timetable and Final Messages From Titanic
1st April
High winds delay Titanic's sea trials. Captain Smith takes charge of his ship.
6am- 2nd April
Tugs escort Titanic down Belfast Lough for her sea trials.
8pm- 2nd April
Titanic leaves Belfast
Midnight- 4th April
Titanic arrives in Southampton
5th April
Titanic is dressed overall with flags to greet the people Southampton on Good Friday
8th April
Stores, coal and cargo are loaded and crew sign on
Midday- 10th April
After all the Southampton passengers have boarded, Titanic leaves on her maiden voyage.
6:30pm- 10th April
Titanic arrives at Cherbourg to pick up passengers and mail.
8:30pm-10th April
Titanic departs Cherbourg on her way to Queenstown
11:30am- 11th April
Titanic arrives at Queenstown to pick up final passengers and mail
1:30pm- 11th April
Titanic heads into the Atlantic. Her next port of call is New York.
Time: 1:40pm on 14 April 1912
Captain Smith, Titanic. Have had Moderate variable winds and clear. Fine wather since leaves. Greek steamer Athinai reports passing icebergs and large quantit of field ice today.
Baltic to Titanic
Time 9:30pm on 14 April 1912
Ice report: saw much heavy pack ice and great number of large icebergs, also field ice, weather good, clear.
Hesara (not sure if correct name) to Titanic and other ships
2nd message:
Time 9:35pm on 14 April 1912
Received, thanks
Titanic to Hesara
3rd message:
Time 11:00pm on 14 April 1912
We are stopped and surrounded by Ice
(not sure who the message is to)
4th message:
Time 11:10pm on 14 April 1912
Shut up! You are jamming my signal: I am working Cape race
(no sure who message is to)
2nd message:
Time 12:25am 15 April 1912
Come at once... we have struck a berg. It's a CQD, OM.
Titanic to Carpathia
3rd message:
Shall I tell my Captain? Do you require assistance?
Carpathia to Titanic
1st message:
Time: 12:34am 15 April 1912
What is the matter with you?
Frankfurt to Titanic
2nd message:
We have struck an iceberg and sinking. Please tell captain to come.
Titanic to Frankfurt
3rd message:
Ok. Will tell the bridge right away.
Frankfurt to Titanic.
1st Message:
Time 12:45am 15 April 2012
SOS.
2nd Message:
Time 1:00 am 15 April 2012
We have struck an Iceberg
3rd Message:
Time 1:10am 15 April 2012
Sinking head down. Come as soon as possible
Titanic to Olympic
4th Message:
Captain says- get your boats ready. What is your position.
Olympic to Titanic
5th Message:
Time 1:25am 15 April 2012
Are you steering southerly to meet us?
Olympic to Titanic
2nd Message:
Time 1:27 15 April 1912We are putting the women off in boats.
Titanic to Olympic
3rd Message:
Time 1:39am 15 April 1912
Cannot last much longer
Titanic to Olympic
Please tell your captain this:
The Olympic is making all speed for titanic. You are much nearer to Titanic.
Titanic is already putting women off in the boats, and he says the weather there is calm and clear.
The Olympic is the only ship we have heard say "going to the assistance of Titanic." the others must be a long way from Titanic.
Cape Race to Virginian
1st Message:
Time 1:35am 15 April 1912
Engine Room getting flooded.
Titanic to Frankfurt
2nd Message:
Time 1:37am 15 April 1912
We are rushing to you.
Baltic to Titanic
3rd Message
Time 1:40 am 15 April 1912
Am lighting up all possible boilers as fast can.
Olympic to Titanic
Time 1:40am 15 April 1912
We are coming. You are only fift miles away. Hope you are safe. I am.
(message to Titanic. Can't make out who sent it.)
Come as quickly as possible old man: The engine-room is filling up to the boilers.
Titanic to Carpathia
Time 1:55am 15 April 1912
We have not heard Titanic for about half an hour. His power may be gone.
Virginian to Cape Race.
Information About Aftermath
Margaret Brown: Heroine of the Titanic
Margaret helped survivors in her lifeboat and on Carpathia. She chaired the fund-raising Survivors' Committee and presented a loving sup to Carpathia's captain along with medals to the crew. She became well-known as a survivor of Titanic and was later nicknamed 'Molly' Brown.
'We Steamed at Full Speed and Did What We Could.'
Carpathia was the first ship to reach the scene of the disaster. She picked up 713 survivors from the lifeboats and made for New York.
Arthur Rostron, captain of Cunard's liner Carpathia, was heading from New York to the Mediterranean. As soon as he was told of Titanic's distress signal, Rostron turned Carpathia around and went to Titanic's aid.
At 4:10am Carpathia sighted a lifeboat. The first passenger rescued Elizabeth Allen, informed Carpathia's purser that Titanic had sunk. Four hours later, Carpathia had found the 20 boats and rescued 713 passengers and crew. That afternoon four people who had died in the lifeboats or on board Carpathia were buried at sea.
Rostron had planned the rescue carefully, from converting dining rooms into hospitals to providing hot soup.
Although Halifax was the nearest port, Rostron made for New York to avoid the risk of Iceberg and further distress to survivors.
'All Saved From Titanic."
Lack of information led to conflicting rumors about Titanic's fate.
Carpathia's radio operator worked non-stop forwarding the names of survivors and sending messages to relatives, but ignored press enquiries.
However, any radio enthusiast could listened in and spread rumors. On 15th April a Marconi operator picked up a message from Olympic that Titanic was sinking and told the press. Some newspapers reported Titanic was heading for Halifax with everybody safe.
Although Rostron urged J Bruce Ismay to advise White Star Line immediately of the disaster, mysteriously that Marconigram was not sent until 17th April.
At first White Star Line denied the rumors. On 15th April IMM's vice president told the press that Titanic could no sink. Only the evening, when Olympic forwarded a message from Carpathia to New York, did the scale of the tragedy start to unfold.
'His Last Act Was to Save a Child's Life'
Captain Rostron and the crews of Titanic and Carpathia were forbidden to talk. The press had to rely on other survivors to make heroes of the crew.
Captain Rostron and Carpathia's officers were instant heroes. First Class passenger Adolphe Saalfeld told the press: 'They did all that was possible to make us comfortable, and to those that were sick or injured, they gave their most tender care.'
Survivours wanted Captain Smith to have died like a hero: 'The water on the bridge was to Captain Smith's waist. I saw him no more. He died a hero." Accounts of the captain's fate differed widely- he shot himself on the bridge; he dived overboard; he rescued a child but refused a place in the lifeboat: ' The ice-caked sea closed over his head forever.'
As a Marconi employee, Harold Bride was free to sell his story to the newspapers. He spoke of his fellow operator Jack Phillips, 'I suddenly felt for him a great reverence to see him standing there sticking to his work while everybody else was raging about.'
Just some pictures of newspaper articles and stuff.
Olympic: Titanic's Sister Ship
Olympic:
Olympic had a long and eventful life. Built to outclass Cunard's super liners. She joined her rival's fleet when White Star and Cunard merged in 1934.
After Titanic sank Olympic returned to Belfast for a refit not only to strengthen her hull but to reassure the public that she was safe. When passenger numbers dropped on the outbreak of the First World War, White Star decided to mothball her in Belfast.
The government had other ideas. Stripped of her finery and dressed in dazzle paint to confuse submarines, she carried up to 7000 American trips to Europe per crossing. After returning Canadian soldiers at the end of the war, she was back in Belfast to be converted from coal to cheaper cleaner oil.
Popular with passengers, she regularly came back to Belfast to be fitted with the latest improvements from additional bathrooms to a dance floor. In 1935 Cunard finally retired her. She sailed to the Tyne where her fittings were sold off. Two years later her hull was towed into the River Forth to be scrapped.
The different movies made about the incident
More movies made about the incident
Of course we all know that specific version lol
As in real life, Thomas Andrews has always been presented as popular, caring and deeply affected by realizing the fate of his ship before anyone else. Film has treated Bruce Ismay less kindly. He is sown as putting himself before other passengers and profit before safety.
Second Officer Charles Lightoller has appeared in most Titanic films. Although he was the hero of A Night to Remember, James Cameron's Titanic questioned his competence over the loading of the lifeboats.
The romantic last moments of the Strauses were made for film. They first featured in Atlantic (1929) as the elderly Rools who refuse to be parted when the women are ordered to the lifeboats.
James Cameron created Jack Dawson, the hero of Titanic, from his own imagination. After the film was produced, he discovered that there was a real life J Dawson on the ship. Irishman Joseph Dawson was a coal trimmer who died in the sinking.
(well isn't that interesting!)
Findings of the Titanic 70 Years After It Sunk
Surrounding Titanic's wreck is a debris field of thousands of individual items from the ship. It was the debris field that helped Robert Ballard locate Titanic.
The yellow, torpedo shaped instrument (there's a picture later on) is called a tow-fish. It is towed behind a ship and uses a surveying technique called side scan sonar to create a map of the sea floor.
This tow-fish emits pulses of high- pitched sound waves, that bounce off anything that juts out of the seabead, such as rocks and shipwrecks.
The sound waves are sent diagonally through the water so that they only bounce off one side of a feature or object on the seabed. They create 'shadows' that are used to calculate the object's size and shape.
The seabed is surveyed in a linear 'mow the lawn' pattern. When something interesting is discovered the area where it was found is surveyed again in more detail by using higher-frequency sonar.
Rusticles are the rusty, icicle- like structures which hang down from the wreck of Titanic. They are composed of the waste products from different types of bacteria which 'eat' the iron in Titanic's steel.
Information About The Port/Shipyard
1906 Belfast Prepares For Titanic
Like the land on which they stood, the shipyards of Queen's Island could be remolded to suit the changing needs of industry. When the order for the Olympic-class liners was secured in early 1907, Harland & Wolff set about reorganizing their operations to accommodate the ambitions of the White Star Line. The North Yard's four slips were reduced to three with a new parallel pair, 990 feet long, lying side-by-side within the Arrol Gantry. A feat of engineering within its own right, this grid of pylons and girders caged the liners on their keel blocks, allowing powerful hydraulic riveters to be craned up and down their lengths with ease.
The Belfast Harbour Commission had shown remarkable foresight by beginning the Thompson Graving Dock in 1903, for at 850 feet long (with the option to extend by 37.5 feet using a moveable caisson.) it was to prove essential for the great ships' fit out. The softness of the reclaimed slob land did not always work to the boards advantage, for the walls of Alexandra Graving Dock dramatically subsided in 1905 due to work on the neighboring Thompson Graving Dock and could not be stabilized for another two years.
The Olympic slipways had already given form to the White Star Liner when this map was drawn. Launched on 31st May, 1911. Titanic's 882-foot, nine inch hull slid smoothly down into the cold waters of the Lagan, thanks to 15 tons of tallow, three tons of soft soap and a further mix of fives tons of tallow and train oil. Titanic remained in Belfast till her fit-out was completed on 31st March 1912, before setting sail for her sea trials and then onward to Southampton. This map shows Queens Island as Titanic left her, the spur of the Musgrave Channel hinting at the land yet to be reclaimed to the south. The channel itself had been excavated in 1899 and 1901, creating a 'second front' for Queens Island industries, all connected inland by a network of light rail tracks set into the roadways. These can still be traced upon the upper reaches of the slipways; a reminder that the North Yard was just one part of a vast enterprise that dominated the reclaimed landmass.
Well that's that for the Titanic. Hoped you enjoyed whatever you did read :)
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